无色立方晶体或白色结晶粉末。味咸凉而微苦,酸式盐。相对密度1.527。易溶于水及乙醇，溶于液氨，不溶于丙酮和乙醚。水溶液呈弱酸性，加热时酸性增强。加热至100℃时开始显著挥发，337.8℃时离解为氨和氯化氢，遇冷后又重新化合生成颗粒极小的氯化铵而呈白色浓烟，不易下沉，也极不易再溶解于水

QB/T 658-88
项目Item                                     优级纯     分析纯     化学纯
                                              (GR)       (AR)       (CP)
含量(NH4Cl)Assay,%                           ≥99.8      99.5       98.5
pH(50g/L溶液，25℃)                          4.5-5.5     4.5-5.5    4.5-5.5
澄清度试验Clarity                              合格       合格       合格
水不溶物Insoluble matter in water,%          ≤0.002     0.005      0.01
灼烧残渣（以硫酸盐计）Ignition residue,%     ≤0.005     0.02       0.05
硫酸盐(SO4)Sulfate,%                         ≤0.002     0.005      0.005
磷酸盐(PO4)Phosphate,%                       ≤0.0002    0.0005     0.001
钠(Na)Sodium,%                               ≤0.005     0.005       --
镁(Mg)Magnesium,%                            ≤0.0005    0.001      0.002
钾(K)Potassium,%                             ≤0.005     0.005       --
钙(Ca)Calcium,%                              ≤0.0005    0.001      0.002
铁(Fe)Iron,%                                 ≤0.0002    0.0005     0.001
镍(Ni)Nickel,%                               ≤0.0001      --        --
铜(Cu)Copper,%                               ≤0.0002      --        --
锌(Zn)Zinc,%                                 ≤0.0002      --        --
铅(Pb)Lead,%                                 ≤0.0001      --        --


项目名称Item                                 ACS Grade
含量Assay                                    ≥99.5%
pH(5%溶液，25℃)pH                           4.5-5.5
不溶物Insoluble matter                       ≤0.005%
灼烧残渣Residue after ignition               ≤0.01%
钙(Ca)Calcium(Ca)                            ≤0.001%
镁(Mg)Magnesium(Mg)                          ≤5ppm
重金属(以Pb计)Heavy metals(as Pb)            ≤5ppm
铁(Fe)Iron(Fe)                               ≤0.0002%
磷酸盐(PO4)Phosphate                         ≤0.0002%
硫酸盐(SO4)Sulfate                           ≤0.002%


品级Grade                               分子生物学级   
                                   (for molecular biology, ≥99.5%) 
外观Appearance                          白色粉末
红外光谱鉴别Infrared spectrometry       Conforms
纯度Purity                              ≥99.5% 
重金属(以Pb计)Heavy metals(as Pb)       ≤0.0005%
铁(Fe)Iron(Fe)                          ≤0.0002%
磷酸盐Phosphate                         ≤0.0002%
硫酸盐Sulfate                           ≤0.002%
水溶解试验solubility in water           合格
DNase, RNase, protease,                 none detected


品级Grade                               细胞培养专用   
                                   (cell culture tested, ≥99.5%) 
外观Appearance                          白色粉末
红外光谱鉴别Infrared spectrometry       Conforms
纯度Purity                              ≥99.5% 
重金属(以Pb计)Heavy metals(as Pb)       ≤0.0005%
铁(Fe)Iron(Fe)                          ≤0.0002%
磷酸盐Phosphate                         ≤0.0002%
硫酸盐Sulfate                           ≤0.002%
水溶解试验solubility in water           合格
细胞培养测试cell culture test           Pass


品级Grade                               药典注射级   
                              (Ph. Eur., BP, USP, FCC ) 
含量assay                               99.5-100.5% (以干基计) 
酸度和碱度acidity or alkalinity,        complies 
残留溶剂residual solvents,              complies 
硫氰酸thiocyanate (SCN),                complies 
灼烧残渣ign. residue                    ≤0.1% (as SO4) 
干燥损失loss on drying                  ≤0.5% loss on drying, 105 °C 
pH                                      4.6-6.0 (20 °C, 5%) 
痕量阴离子anion traces by ICP Atomic emission AND AAS
溴bromide (Br-):                       in accordance 
碘iodide (I-):                         in accordance 
硫酸根sulfate (SO42-):                 ≤100 ppm 
痕量阳离子cation traces by ICP Atomic emission
  As:                                  ≤3 ppm  
  Ca:                                  ≤100 ppm
  Cu:                                  ≤20 ppm
  Fe:                                  ≤20 ppm
  Mg:                                  ≤10 ppm 
  Pb:                                  ≤4 ppm
  Zn: ≤20 mg/kg 
溶解性suitability                      complies for appearance of solution 

危险品标志                  Xn 
    
危险类别码                  22-36-41-37/38 
    
安全说明                       22-36-26 
    
危险品运输编号          UN 9085 
    
WGK Germany           1
    
RTECS                        BP4550000

1.用于干电池、蓄电池、铵盐、鞣革、电镀、医药、照相、电极、粘合剂等。 氯化铵简称“氯铵”,又称卤砂,是一种速效氮素化学肥料,含氮量为24%～25%,属生理酸性肥料。它适用于小麦、水稻、玉米、油菜等作物,尤其对棉麻类作物有增强纤维韧性和拉力并提高品质之功效。但是,由于氯化铵的性质决定并如果施用不对路,往往会给土壤和农作物带来一些不良影响。
    
2.用于制造干电池和蓄电池、其他铵盐、电镀添加剂、金属焊接助熔剂，还用于鞣革、制蜡烛、胶粘剂等 
    
3.医药、干电池、织物印染、肥料、鞣革、电镀、洗涤剂等。 
    
4.用于制造干电池和蓄电池。是制造其他铵盐的原料。用作染色助剂、电镀浴添加剂、金属焊接助熔剂。也用于镀锡和镀锌、鞣革、医药、制蜡烛、黏合剂、渗铬、精密铸造。 
    
5.农作物肥料，适用于水稻、小麦、棉花、麻类、蔬菜等作物 
    
6.分析试剂，也用于合纤粘度的检验 
    
干燥,密封保存!